非线性条件下编队卫星周期性相对运动条件

利用编队卫星机械能守恒原理，提出了非线性条件下求解编队卫星周期性相对运动条件的新方法，给出了非线性周期相对运动的初始条件。编队卫星相对距离较近时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可修正Hill方程的初始条件，抑制编队卫星的长期漂移。编队卫星相对距离较大，非线性因素不可忽略时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可找到不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道。最后的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于三轴磁强计与雷达高度计的融合导航算法

为了减小近地轨道(小于1000km)地磁导航的估计误差协方差，提高导航的可靠性和准确性，在地磁导航系统中引入雷达高度计作为一个新的测量设备，提出了一种基于三轴磁强计与雷达高度计的融合导航算法。该算法取卫星的位置和速度向量作为状态向量，建立状态方程；取卫星周围的磁场强度和卫星到星下点实际海平面距离求出的地心距，作为观测量建立观测方程；利用扩展卡尔曼滤波构成一种融合导航算法。仿真结果表明，提出的融合导航算法对轨道位置的估计误差小于20米，速度的估计误差小于1米／秒，导航算法的精度和收敛性都优于使用单一地磁导航的系统。     

微小卫星磁测自主导航方法

本文提出了使用磁测方法实现近地微小卫星自主导航的方法，利用实时地磁场测量数据与根据ＩＧＲＦ计算出的地磁声数据之差作为新息量，使用推广Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波算法确定卫星的位置和速度。给出了三种导航滤波算法。并使用模拟数据和ＭＡＧＳＴＡ卫星实测数据进行了仿真研究，证明了方法的有效性和实用性。     

三轴同步卫星无陀螺巡航下姿控异常及预警研究

通过分析三轴同步卫星无陀螺巡航模式下姿控系统频繁喷气导致推进系统A、B分支切换的现象及其原因，提出了一种分支切换预报方法。该方法能够根据太阳敏感器测量数据的变化，有效地对推进分支切换作出预警。同时，为了避免星上推进分支自主切换的发生，文中最后提出了2种可行的解决途径。     

多卜勒湍流检测

对湍流目标进行检测,是多卜勒效应在现代机载气象雷达中的应用。鉴于目前在新型机载气象雷达中普遍装备了湍流信号处理电路,本文就有关的湍流目标及其检测原理和方法作简要介绍。     

A statistical study of C IV regions in 20 Oe-stars

In this paper, using the Gauss-Rotation model (GR model), we analyse the UV C IV resonance lines in the spectra of 20 Oe-stars of different spectral subtypes, in order to detect the structure of C IV region. We study the presence and behavior of absorption clouds and analyse their characteristics. From this analysis we can calculate the values of a group of physical parameters, such as the apparent rotational and radial velocities, the random velocities of the thermal motions of the ions, the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), the optical depth, as well as the absorbed energy and the column density of the independent regions of matter, which produce the main and the satellite clouds of the studied spectral lines. Finally, we present the relations between these physical parameters and the spectral subtypes of the studied stars and we give our results about the structure of the C IV region in their atmosphere.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

The use of Gaussian equations of motions of a satellite for local gravity anomaly recovery

The orbital elements of a low Earth orbiting satellite and their velocities can be used for local determination of gravity anomaly. The important issue is to find direct relations among the anomalies and these parameters. Here, a primary theoretical study is presented for this purpose. The Gaussian equations of motion of a satellite are used to develop integral formulas for recovering the gravity anomalies. The behaviour of kernels of the integrals are investigated for a two-month simulated orbit similar to that of the Gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) mission over Fennoscandia. Numerical investigations show that the integral formulas have neither isotropic nor well-behaved kernels. In such a case, gravity anomaly recovery is not successful due to large spatial truncation error of the integral formulas. Reformulation of the problem by combining the orbital elements and their velocities leads to an integral with a well-behaved kernel which is suitable for our purpose. Also based on these combinations some general relations among the orbital elements and their velocities are obtained which can be used for validation of orbital parameters and their velocities.     

自由落体下落速度振荡现象的研究

为了研究自由下落物体的速度震荡现象,基于相对运动原理,应用立式风洞研究了5种典型形状的物体在上升气流中的悬浮特性。模型包括球形、正方体、长方体、短圆柱体和碟形等刚体。风速的平均值由皮托管风速计测得,同时通过CCD相机记录了物体达到悬浮状态前后的运动状态并进行了定量分析。实验结果表明：对称性较好的物体具有较稳定的悬浮特性;而非对称性物体,由于不同姿态角下的阻力系数和扭矩系数不同,很难维持一个稳定的悬浮状态,将伴随姿态的变化不断发生振荡运动。从而说明,空间形体对称的物体自由下落过程中可以达到较稳定的最大下落速度,而形体非对称的物体则难以达到确定的最大速度。除实验研究之外,还采用动态网格数值模拟手段计算了二维方形模型下落过程中的姿态角及运动轨迹,同时得到模型不同姿态角下的阻力和扭矩,计算结果也进一步解释了物体下落速度会发生振荡的原因。     

The Lunar Terrestrial Observatory: Observing the Earth using photometers on the Moon’s surface

The Earth’s albedo is one of the least studied fundamental climate parameters. The albedo is a bi-directional variable, and there is a high degree of anisotropy in the light reflected from a given terrestrial surface. However, simultaneously observing from all points on Earth at all reflecting angles is a practical impossibility. Therefore, all measurements from which albedo can be inferred require assumptions and/or modeling to derive a good estimate. Nowadays, albedo measurements are taken regularly either from low Earth orbit satellite platforms or from ground-based measurements of the earthshine from the dark side of the Moon. But the results from these different measurements are not in satisfactory agreement. Clearly, the availability of different albedo databases and their inter-comparisons can help to constrain the assumptions necessary to reduce the uncertainty of the albedo estimates. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the development of robotic and manned exploration missions to the Moon. Returning to the Moon will enable diverse exploration and scientific opportunities. Here we discuss the possibility of a lunar-based Earth radiation budget monitoring experiment, the Lunar Terrestrial Observatory, and evaluate its scientific and practical advantages compared to the other, more standard, observing platforms. We conclude that a lunar-based terrestrial observatory can enable advances in Earth sciences, complementary to the present efforts, and to our understanding of the Earth’s climate.